Kidney Cancer

FDA grants regular approval to sacituzumab govitecan for triple-negative breast cancer.On April 7, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration granted regular approval to sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy, Immunomedics Inc.) for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease.

Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy): In the case of this ADC, the monoclonal antibody part attaches to the Trop-2 protein on breast cancer cells and brings a chemo drug, similar to irinotecan, directly to them. (Some breast cancer cells have too much Trop-2, which helps them grow and spread quickly.)

This antibody-drug conjugate can be used by itself to treat advanced TNBC, after at least 2 other chemo regimens have been tried. This drug is given in a vein (IV) weekly for 2 weeks, followed by one week off, then restarted.

A drug used alone or with other drugs under the brand name Cabometyx to treat certain types of hepatocellular carcinoma (a type of liver cancer), renal cell carcinoma (a type of kidney cancer), and differentiated thyroid cancer and under the brand name Cometriq to treat certain types of medullary thyroid cancer. Cabozantinib-s-malate is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. It blocks certain proteins, which may help keep cancer cells from growing. It may also prevent the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. Cabozantinib-s-malate is a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a type of angiogenesis inhibitor.

Cabozantinib-s-malate is approved to treat:

• Differentiated thyroid cancer
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Medullary thyroid cancer
• Renal cell carcinoma

In November 2012, cabozantinib in its capsule formulation was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the name Cometriq for treating patients with medullary thyroid cancer. The capsule form was approved in the European Union for the same purpose in 2014. In April 2016, the FDA granted approval for marketing the tablet formulation (Cabometyx) as a second line treatment for kidney cancer and the same was approved in the European Union in September of that year.

A drug used alone or with other drugs to treat certain types of breast cancer, kidney cancer, and pancreatic, lung, and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. It is used under the brand name Afinitor to treat these cancers and to treat a type of benign kidney tumor called renal angiomyolipoma and a type of benign brain tumor called subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in patients who have tuberous sclerosis. Everolimus is also used under the brand name Afinitor Disperz to treat subependymal giant cell astrocytoma and certain types of seizures in patients who have tuberous sclerosis. It is also used under the brand name Zortress to keep the body from rejecting a kidney or liver transplant. Everolimus is also being studied in the treatment of other conditions and types of cancer. It blocks a protein involved in cell division, which may help keep abnormal cells, including cancer cells, from growing. It may also prevent the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. Everolimus also lowers the body’s immune response. It is a type of kinase inhibitor, a type of angiogenesis inhibitor, and a type of immunosuppressant. Also called RAD001.

Everolimus, sold under the brand name Afinitor among others, is a medication used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants and as a targeted therapy in the treatment of renal cell cancer and other tumours

Everolimus is approved to treat:

• Breast cancer. It is used in combination with exemestane in postmenopausal women with advanced hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer that is also HER2 negative (HER2-) and has not gotten better after treatment with letrozole or anastrozole
• Pancreatic cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and lung cancer (certain types). It is used in adults with progressive neuroendocrine tumors that cannot be removed by surgery, are locally advanced, or have metastasized (spread to other parts of the body).
• Renal cell carcinoma (a type of kidney cancer) that is advanced, in adults who have not gotten better after treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib.
• Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in adults and children aged 1 year or older who have tuberous sclerosis and are not able to have surgery.

Mirabegron, sold under the brand name Myrbetriq among others, is a medication used to treat overactive bladder. Its benefits are similar to antimuscarinic medication such as solifenacin or tolterodine. It is taken by mouth.

Mirabegron is the first clinically available beta-3 agonist with approval for use in adults with overactive bladder. Mirabegron was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2012. In 2019, it was the 189th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. In the United Kingdom it is less preferred to antimuscarinic medication such as oxybutynin.

Mirabegron is used is in the treatment of overactive bladder. It works equally well to antimuscarinic medication such as solifenacin or tolterodine. In the United Kingdom it is less preferred to these agents. Mirabegron is also indicated to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), a bladder dysfunction related to neurological impairment, in children ages three years and older.

FDA grants regular approval to sacituzumab govitecan for triple-negative breast cancer.On April 7, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration granted regular approval to sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy, Immunomedics Inc.) for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease.

Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy): In the case of this ADC, the monoclonal antibody part attaches to the Trop-2 protein on breast cancer cells and brings a chemo drug, similar to irinotecan, directly to them. (Some breast cancer cells have too much Trop-2, which helps them grow and spread quickly.)

This antibody-drug conjugate can be used by itself to treat advanced TNBC, after at least 2 other chemo regimens have been tried. This drug is given in a vein (IV) weekly for 2 weeks, followed by one week off, then restarted.

Vasopressin injection is used to control the frequent urination, increased thirst, and loss of water caused by diabetes insipidus. This is a condition that causes the body to lose too much water and become dehydrated. Vasopressin injection is also used to prevent and treat abdominal or stomach distension that occurs after surgery. It is also used in abdominal or stomach roentgenography.

Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP. It then travels down the axon terminating in the posterior pituitary, and is released from vesicles into the circulation in response to extracellular fluid hypertonicity (hyperosmolality). AVP has two primary functions. First, it increases the amount of solute-free water reabsorbed back into the circulation from the filtrate in the kidney tubules of the nephrons. Second, AVP constricts arterioles, which increases peripheral vascular resistance and raises arterial blood pressure.